BREAST SURGERY

Cysts and lumps are abnormal growths that can appear under the skin or within the body’s tissues.
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If you’re living with significant pain and discomfort from an orthopedic(musculoskeletal) condition, you know firsthand how much it can affect your quality of life. Seemingly simple tasks like walking, climbing stairs or evenstanding become much more difficult. On a positive note, our bone, joint and muscle specialists are here to get you moving again.

What Is Breast Surgery?

Breast surgery refers to a variety of surgical procedures performed on the breast tissue for medical, cosmetic, or reconstructive purposes. It can be used to address issues such as breast cancer, benign lumps, congenital deformities, or for aesthetic reasons such as augmentation or reduction. The goal of breast surgery can range from treating diseases, enhancing appearance, correcting asymmetry, to restoring the breast’s shape after cancer treatment.

What Are the Types of Breast Surgery?

Breast surgeries can be classified into several categories depending on the condition being treated or the desired outcome. Below are some of the most common types of breast surgery:

1. Breast Augmentation (Augmentation Mammoplasty):

This cosmetic surgery involves the placement of implants (saline or silicone) to increase breast size or restore breast volume lost after weight loss or pregnancy. Some women opt for augmentation to improve the balance of their body proportions or to achieve a fuller appearance.

2. Breast Reduction (Reduction Mammoplasty):

Breast reduction surgery is performed to remove excess breast tissue, fat, and skin to alleviate discomfort caused by overly large breasts (macromastia). Women with large breasts may experience back pain, neck pain, and other physical issues that can be relieved through breast reduction surgery.

3. Breast Lift (Mastopexy):

A breast lift raises and reshapes sagging breasts by removing excess skin and tightening the surrounding tissue. This procedure is often chosen by women who have lost breast firmness and shape due to pregnancy, breastfeeding, aging, or significant weight fluctuations.

4.Mastectomy:

Mastectomy is a surgical procedure to remove all or part of the breast tissue, often performed to treat or prevent breast cancer. Different types of mastectomies include:

Total (Simple) Mastectomy: Removal of the entire breast.

■     Radical Mastectomy: Removal of the entire breast, chest muscle, and lymph nodes (less common today).

■     Skin-Sparing Mastectomy: Preserves the breast skin for reconstructive surgery.

■     Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy: Preserves the nipple and areola along with the breast skin.

5. Lumpectomy

Also known as breast-conserving surgery or partial mastectomy, a lumpectomy involves the removal of a breast lump (often cancerous) and a small amount of surrounding tissue while preserving most of the breast. It is a common treatment for early-stage breast cancer and is often followed by radiation therapy.

6. Breast Reconstruction

This surgery is performed to restore the appearance of the breast after mastectomy or trauma. Reconstruction can be done using implants or autologous tissue (tissue from another part of the patient’s body, such as the abdomen or back). Reconstruction can take place immediately after a mastectomy or be delayed until after cancer treatments like chemotherapy or radiation

7. Breast Revision Surgery

Revision surgery is performed to correct or improve the results of previous breast surgeries. This may be necessary if there are complications such as implant rupture, asymmetry, or unsatisfactory cosmetic results from breast augmentation or reduction.

8. Male Breast Reduction (Gynecomastia Surgery):

This surgery is performed on men who have enlarged breasts due to a condition called gynecomastia. The procedure involves the removal of excess fat and glandular tissue to create a more masculine chest contour.

How Can Breast Conditions Be Diagnosed?

Breast conditions can be diagnosed through a combination of physical examinations, imaging studies, and biopsies. Early detection is crucial for the successful treatment of conditions like breast cancer. Below are common diagnostic methods used in breast health care:
Physical Examination: During a physical exam, a doctor will manually examine the breast for lumps, irregularities, or changes in skin texture. They will also check for changes in the size, shape, or position of the breasts.
Mammography A mammogram is an X-ray of the breast that helps detect early signs of breast cancer or abnormalities such as cysts or calcifications. It is recommended as a routine screening tool for women over a certain age or for those with a family history of breast cancer.
Breast Ultrasound Breast ultrasound uses sound waves to create images of the breast tissue and is commonly used to differentiate between solid masses and fluid-filled cysts. Ultrasound is often used in conjunction with mammography to provide a clearer view of abnormal areas.
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Breast MRI provides detailed images of the breast tissue and is often used for high-risk patients or when other imaging methods are inconclusive. It is also used to evaluate the extent of breast cancer before surgery.
Biopsy: A biopsy involves removing a sample of breast tissue or cells for microscopic examination. It is the definitive way to diagnose breast cancer and determine whether a lump is benign or malignant. There are different types of biopsies, including fine-needle aspiration, core needle biopsy, and surgical biopsy.

What Are the Different Treatment Options for Breast Conditions?

The treatment of breast conditions depends on the diagnosis, severity of the condition, and the patient's goals. Below are the common treatment options:
1. Surgical Treatment
Lumpectomy: Removal of the tumour and surrounding tissue while preserving most of the breast.
Mastectomy: Complete or partial removal of the breast to treat or prevent breast cancer.
Breast Reconstruction: Rebuilding the breast following mastectomy, using either implants or the patient’s tissue.
Breast Augmentation/Reduction: Cosmetic or reconstructive surgery to change the size and shape of the breast.
Radiation Therapy:
Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to target and destroy cancer cells. It is often used after lumpectomy to ensure any remaining cancer cells in the breast are eliminated. Radiation therapy may also be used after mastectomy for larger tumours or if cancer has spread to the lymph nodes.
Chemotherapy:
Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. It can be administered before surgery (neoadjuvant therapy) to shrink tumours, or after surgery (adjuvant therapy) to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence. Chemotherapy may also be used for advanced or metastatic breast cancer.
Hormonal Therapy:
Hormonal therapy is used to treat breast cancers that are hormone receptor positive. Drugs like tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors are used to block the hormones (estrogen or progesterone) that fuel the growth of some breast cancers.
Targeted Therapy:
Targeted therapy uses drugs that specifically target certain molecules involved in cancer cell growth, such as HER2-positive breast cancers. Drugs like trastuzumab (Herceptin) block the HER2 protein, slowing the growth of cancer cells.
Immunotherapy:
Immunotherapy is a newer treatment option that helps the immune system recognize and attack cancer cells. It is being studied in clinical trials for certain types of breast cancer.
Lifestyle and Supportive Care:
For benign breast conditions, lifestyle changes such as diet, exercise, and stress management can help manage symptoms. Supportive care for cancer patients includes pain management, counselling, and physical therapy during recovery from surgery or treatment.
Conclusion:
Breast surgery is a critical intervention for treating both medical and cosmetic breast conditions, including breast cancer, benign tumours, and congenital deformities. Early diagnosis through physical exams, imaging tests, and biopsies is key to determining the best course of action. From mastectomies and lumpectomies to breast augmentation and reconstruction, the right surgical approach depends on individual patient needs and goals. Understanding all available treatment options is essential for informed decision-making and ensuring the best possible outcomes for breast health.

For a personalized treatment, visit Rutvik Hospitals for your breast surgery needs. Our experienced medical team provides the highest quality care in a comfortable and supportive environment.

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Anand Nagar, Pothinamallayya Palem, Visakhapatnam
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Mail Us: ruthvikhospitals@gmail.com
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Anand Nagar, Pothinamallayya Palem, Visakhapatnam

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Emergency 24hrs: +91 73863 61609

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